SSC Polity PM Ministers and AG PPT Slides (LEC #11)

This article covers SSC Polity PM Ministers and AG PPT Slides (LEC #11), Prime Minister, Ministers, and Attorney General (प्रधानमंत्री, मंत्री और अटॉर्नी जनरल), part of the Complete Foundation Batch PPT Series at slideshareppt.net. The Prime Minister, Council of Ministers, and Attorney General are consistently tested in SSC CGL, CHSL, CPO, and MTS exams. Questions cover PM’s powers, Articles 74–78, types of ministers, collective responsibility, the complete list of PMs, the 91st Amendment, and the AG’s role under Article 76.

PPT Details

Field	Details
PPT Title	SSC Polity PM Ministers and AG PPT Slides (LEC #11)
Subject	Polity – Prime Minister, Ministers, and Attorney General (प्रधानमंत्री, मंत्री और अटॉर्नी जनरल)
Series	Complete Foundation Batch for All SSC and Other Exams (PPT Series)
Total Slides	55 PPT Slides
File Size	16 MB
Serial Number	#67
Lecture	LEC #11
Format	PowerPoint (.pptx) + PDF
Target Exams	SSC CGL, SSC CHSL, SSC MTS, SSC CPO, SSC GD, SSC Steno
Website	slideshareppt.net

SSC Polity PM Ministers and AG PPT Slides (LEC #11)

Note: Above is PPT in GOOGLE SLIDES (HTML AND IFRAME COMBINATION) and if you wish to download the Complete SSC series (PPT slides), Simply visit this redirect page – REDIRECT PAGE.

1. Prime Minister – Constitutional Position

• The Prime Minister is the head of the Council of Ministers and the real executive head of the Government of India
• The President is the nominal/constitutional head; the PM is the real executive authority
• The PM is the leader of the majority party or coalition in the Lok Sabha
• Appointed by the President under Article 75 – but President must invite the leader who commands majority in Lok Sabha
• PM is the link between the President and the Cabinet (Article 78)
• The PM chairs the meetings of the Cabinet and sets the agenda
• The PM is also the chairman of the NITI Aayog and the National Integration Council

2. Key Constitutional Articles – PM and Council of Ministers

Article	Provision
Article 74	Council of Ministers with PM at head to aid and advise President; President shall act on advice
Article 75	PM appointed by President; other ministers appointed by President on PM’s advice; ministers hold office during President’s pleasure; CoM collectively responsible to Lok Sabha
Article 75(3)	Council of Ministers collectively responsible to Lok Sabha
Article 76	Attorney General of India – appointment, qualifications, duties, removal
Article 77	Conduct of business of Government of India – in name of President; authenticated by rules made by President
Article 78	Duties of PM: communicate Cabinet decisions to President; furnish information; submit matters for CoM consideration on President’s request
Article 88	Ministers have right to speak and take part in proceedings of either House or any joint sitting; but not entitled to vote in a House of which they are not members

3. Appointment and Qualification of PM

Appointment – Article 75

• PM is appointed by the President of India
• No formal qualifications prescribed in the Constitution for PM beyond being a member of Parliament
• By convention: the leader of the party/coalition with majority in Lok Sabha is appointed PM
• PM must be a member of either House of Parliament; if not a member at time of appointment, must become MP within 6 months
• A member of Rajya Sabha can become PM – Dr. Manmohan Singh (2004–2014) was an RS member throughout his tenure as PM

Oath and Salary

• PM is sworn in by the President of India
• PM takes oath of office and secrecy
• Salary of PM charged to Consolidated Fund of India
• Official residence: 7 Lok Kalyan Marg (earlier 7 Race Course Road), New Delhi

4. Powers and Functions of the Prime Minister

Power / Function	Details
Appointment of Ministers	PM recommends names to President for appointment; PM can also ask a minister to resign
Allocation of portfolios	PM allocates and reshuffles portfolios among ministers
Chairman of Cabinet	PM presides over Cabinet meetings; agenda set by PM
Leader of Lok Sabha	PM is leader of the House in Lok Sabha (if member of LS); commands confidence of majority
Chief spokesperson of Government	PM communicates government’s stand on domestic and foreign policy
Advice to President on dissolution	PM can advise President to dissolve Lok Sabha and call fresh elections
Coordinator of ministries	PM coordinates the activities of all ministries
Communication with President	Under Article 78 – PM is link between President and Cabinet
Key appointments	PM advises President on appointment of Governors, CJI, SC/HC judges, CAG, AG, UPSC Chairman, etc.
International relations	PM represents India in international forums; heads India’s delegation in summits
Emergency	PM’s cabinet must give written recommendation for National Emergency (44th Amendment 1978)

5. Articles 74 and 78 – Most Important for SSC

Article 74 – CoM to Aid and Advise President

• There shall be a Council of Ministers with PM at head to aid and advise the President
• President shall act in accordance with such advice (after 42nd Amendment 1976)
• President may ask CoM to reconsider advice; but must act on advice given after reconsideration (44th Amendment 1978)
• The question whether any advice was tendered by ministers to President is not inquired into by any court (Article 74(2))

Article 78 – Duties of PM

• PM shall communicate to President all decisions of CoM relating to administration of Union affairs and proposals for legislation
• Furnish such information relating to administration and proposals as President may call for
• If President requires, submit any matter for consideration of CoM which has been decided by any minister but not considered by CoM

Article 78 makes the PM the constitutional bridge between the President and the Cabinet. It ensures the President is kept informed.

6. Council of Ministers – Structure and Categories

Types of Ministers – Article 75

Category	Who	Role / Difference
Cabinet Ministers	Senior ministers; head important ministries (Home, Finance, Defence, External Affairs, etc.)	Attend Cabinet meetings; part of the Cabinet; participate in all policy decisions
Ministers of State (Independent Charge)	Mid-level ministers heading smaller ministries independently	Not under any Cabinet minister; head their own ministry; not part of Cabinet meetings normally
Ministers of State	Junior ministers attached to Cabinet ministers	Assist Cabinet ministers; attend Cabinet meetings only when invited for their specific area
Deputy Ministers	Assist Cabinet ministers or Ministers of State	Rarely used in recent times; subordinate to senior ministers

Key Provisions on Council of Ministers

• Article 75(1) – Ministers appointed by President on PM’s advice
• Article 75(2) – Ministers hold office during the pleasure of the President
• Article 75(3) – CoM collectively responsible to Lok Sabha
• Article 75(4) – Before entering office, minister takes oath of office and secrecy
• Article 75(5) – Minister who is not a member of Parliament for 6 consecutive months ceases to be a minister
• Article 88 – Ministers have right to speak and participate in proceedings of either House; but no right to vote in a House of which they are not members

7. Cabinet vs Council of Ministers – Key Difference

Feature	Council of Ministers (CoM)	Cabinet
Constitutional basis	Article 74 and 75 – constitutionally mentioned	Not separately mentioned in Constitution; only Article 352 refers to ‘Cabinet’
Composition	All ministers: Cabinet ministers + MoS (IC) + MoS + Deputy Ministers	Only Cabinet ministers (senior); smaller body
Size	Large – typically 60–80 members	Smaller – typically 20–30 members
Meetings	Does not meet as a whole body	Meets regularly (weekly); key decision-making body
Functions	Collective responsibility to Lok Sabha (Article 75(3))	Takes major policy decisions; coordinates between ministries
Legal status	Constitutionally established	Conventionally established (not explicitly in Constitution)

Kitchen Cabinet

• An informal inner group of the PM’s most trusted ministers and advisers
• Not a constitutional body
• Examples: Nehru’s Kitchen Cabinet; Indira Gandhi’s small inner circle
• Takes decisions informally; full Cabinet ratifies later

8. Collective Responsibility, Confidence, and 91st Amendment

Concept	Explanation
Collective Responsibility (Article 75(3))	All ministers collectively responsible to Lok Sabha; if government loses confidence vote, all ministers must resign
Individual Responsibility	Each minister individually responsible to PM; PM can ask any minister to resign
Confidence Motion	Government must maintain majority in Lok Sabha; can be defeated by no-confidence motion
Anti-Defection Law (10th Schedule)	MPs who vote against party whip can be disqualified; but no provision preventing ministers from resigning individually
Size of Council of Ministers	91st Amendment 2003 – CoM size cannot exceed 15% of total strength of Lok Sabha (i.e., maximum 81 ministers in LS); 10% for state assemblies
Defection from party by minister	10th Schedule applies – can lose membership of Parliament

91st Constitutional Amendment Act 2003 – Key Points for SSC

• Size of Council of Ministers capped: total number of ministers including PM shall not exceed 15% of total strength of Lok Sabha
• 15% of 543 (Lok Sabha) = approximately 81 ministers maximum
• For state assemblies: CoM size cannot exceed 15% of total strength of legislative assembly; minimum 12 members
• A member of either House of Parliament belonging to any political party who is disqualified under the 10th Schedule (Anti-Defection Law) shall also be disqualified from being a minister

9. List of All Prime Ministers of India

#	Prime Minister	Party	Tenure	Notable Fact
1	Jawaharlal Nehru	INC	1947–1964	First and longest-serving PM; died in office
2	Gulzarilal Nanda	INC	1964 (13 days)	First acting PM; served again in 1966 for 13 days
3	Lal Bahadur Shastri	INC	1964–1966	Tashkent Agreement; died in office; ‘Jai Jawan Jai Kisan’
4	Gulzarilal Nanda	INC	1966 (13 days)	Second stint as acting PM after Shastri’s death
5	Indira Gandhi	INC	1966–1977	First woman PM; declared Emergency 1975; ‘Iron Lady’
6	Morarji Desai	Janata Party	1977–1979	First non-Congress PM; oldest PM at 81
7	Charan Singh	Janata Party (S)	1979–1980	Never faced Parliament as PM; resigned before trust vote
8	Indira Gandhi	INC	1980–1984	Second tenure; assassinated 31 Oct 1984
9	Rajiv Gandhi	INC	1984–1989	Youngest PM at 40; assassinated 21 May 1991
10	V.P. Singh	Janata Dal	1989–1990	Implemented Mandal Commission report
11	Chandra Shekhar	Samajwadi Janata Party	1990–1991	Minority govt; supported by Congress
12	P.V. Narasimha Rao	INC	1991–1996	First PM from South India; economic liberalisation 1991
13	Atal Bihari Vajpayee	BJP	1996 (13 days)	First BJP PM; resigned after 13 days (no majority)
14	H.D. Deve Gowda	Janata Dal	1996–1997	First PM from Karnataka
15	I.K. Gujral	Janata Dal	1997–1998	Gujral Doctrine – good relations with neighbours
16	Atal Bihari Vajpayee	BJP	1998–2004	First non-Congress PM to complete full term; Pokhran II 1998
17	Dr. Manmohan Singh	INC	2004–2014	First Sikh PM; architect of 1991 reforms as Finance Minister
18	Narendra Modi	BJP	2014–present	First PM born after independence; longest non-Congress serving PM

10. Attorney General of India – Article 76

The Attorney General (AG) of India is the first and highest law officer of the Government of India. The AG is a constitutional post created under Article 76.

Appointment and Qualifications

• Appointed by the President of India
• Must be a person qualified to be appointed as a judge of the Supreme Court
• That means: must be a citizen of India AND must have been a judge of a High Court for 5 years OR an advocate of a High Court for 10 years OR a distinguished jurist in the opinion of the President
• There is no fixed tenure – holds office during the pleasure of the President
• Can be removed by the President at any time without any formal procedure

Powers, Duties, and Rights of AG

• AG appears on behalf of the Government of India in the Supreme Court in all cases where GoI is a party
• AG represents India in all references made by President to SC under Article 143 (advisory jurisdiction)
• AG advises the Government of India on legal matters referred to by the President
• AG performs other legal duties assigned by the President
• AG has the right of audience in all courts throughout India
• AG has the right to speak and take part in proceedings of both Houses of Parliament and any joint sitting (Article 88); but cannot vote
• AG is NOT a full-time government servant – can take up private practice; but cannot appear against the Government of India

Feature	Attorney General of India	Solicitor General of India
Constitutional basis	Article 76 – Constitutional post	Statutory post – not mentioned in Constitution
Appointed by	President of India	Government of India (on AG’s recommendation)
Qualifications	Must be qualified to be a judge of the Supreme Court (i.e., citizen + 10 years as HC judge or 10 years as advocate in HC)	Same qualifications as AG
Role	First Law Officer of India; appears on behalf of Govt of India in SC; advises Govt on legal matters	Second Law Officer; assists AG
Right of audience	In all courts throughout India	In all courts throughout India
Right to speak in Parliament	Can speak and take part in proceedings of either House without right to vote (Article 88)	No such constitutional right
Tenure	Holds office during pleasure of President; no fixed term	Holds office during pleasure of Government
Private practice	Can take up private cases but not against Government of India	Can take up private cases with restrictions
Current AG (2024)	R. Venkataramani	Tushar Mehta

also read: SSC Polity President PPT Slides (LEC #10)

11. Other Law Officers of India

Law Officer	Appointment	Role
Attorney General of India	President (Article 76)	First law officer; appears in SC on behalf of GoI; advises GoI
Solicitor General of India	Government of India	Second law officer; assists AG; appears in SC
Additional Solicitor General	Government of India	Assists AG and SG; multiple persons hold this post simultaneously
Advocate General of State	Governor (Article 165)	State’s first law officer; same relationship with state government as AG with Central government

Advocate General of State – Article 165

• Every state shall have an Advocate General appointed by the Governor
• Must be qualified to be a judge of the High Court
• Holds office during pleasure of the Governor
• Has right of audience in all courts in the state
• Has right to speak and participate in proceedings of the state legislature; no right to vote

12. Quick Revision Fact Table – PM, Ministers, AG

Fact	Detail
PM’s constitutional provision	Article 75 – appointed by President; but must be leader of majority party/coalition in Lok Sabha
Is PM’s appointment justiciable?	No – political question; President must invite leader who commands majority in LS
PM need not be MP at time of appointment?	Technically can be appointed; but must become MP within 6 months
PM can be from Rajya Sabha?	Yes – PM can be a member of either House; Dr. Manmohan Singh was from RS
First PM	Jawaharlal Nehru (1947–1964); longest-serving PM
First woman PM	Indira Gandhi (1966–1977 and 1980–1984)
Youngest PM	Rajiv Gandhi (40 years)
Oldest PM	Morarji Desai (81 years at time of taking office)
First non-Congress PM	Morarji Desai (1977)
First PM from South India	P.V. Narasimha Rao
First Sikh PM	Dr. Manmohan Singh
Only PM to never face Parliament	Charan Singh (resigned before confidence vote)
PM who died in office	Jawaharlal Nehru (1964), Lal Bahadur Shastri (1966 at Tashkent)
PMs assassinated	Indira Gandhi (31 Oct 1984), Rajiv Gandhi (21 May 1991)
Article 75(3)	Council of Ministers collectively responsible to Lok Sabha
Article 78	PM’s duty to communicate Cabinet decisions to President
91st Amendment 2003	CoM size capped at 15% of Lok Sabha strength (max ~81 ministers)
AG appointed by	President of India (Article 76)
AG qualifications	Qualified to be SC judge: citizen + 10 years as HC judge OR 10 years as advocate in HC
AG’s right in Parliament	Can speak in either House under Article 88; no right to vote
AG is not a full-time government servant?	Correct – AG can take private cases but not against GoI

13. Key Takeaways for SSC Exams

• PM is the real executive head; appointed by President under Article 75
• PM must command majority in Lok Sabha; can be from either House
• Dr. Manmohan Singh – only PM from Rajya Sabha for full two terms
• Article 74 – CoM to aid and advise President; President bound by advice
• Article 75(3) – CoM collectively responsible to Lok Sabha
• Article 78 – PM’s duty to communicate Cabinet decisions to President
• 4 types of ministers: Cabinet Ministers, MoS (IC), MoS, Deputy Ministers
• Cabinet ≠ CoM; Cabinet is a smaller subset that takes key decisions
• 91st Amendment 2003 – CoM size capped at 15% of Lok Sabha (max ~81)
• First PM: Nehru | First woman PM: Indira Gandhi | Youngest: Rajiv Gandhi (40)
• First non-Congress PM: Morarji Desai | First Sikh PM: Dr. Manmohan Singh
• PMs who died in office: Nehru (1964), Shastri (1966)
• PMs assassinated: Indira Gandhi (1984), Rajiv Gandhi (1991)
• AG – Article 76; appointed by President; first law officer of India
• AG can speak in Parliament (Article 88); cannot vote
• AG not a full-time govt servant; cannot appear against GoI in private practice
• Advocate General of State – Article 165; appointed by Governor.