SSC Polity Parliament PPT Slides (LEC #12)

This article covers SSC Polity Parliament PPT Slides (LEC #12) – Parliament of India (संसद), part of the Complete Foundation Batch PPT Series at slideshareppt.net. Parliament is one of the most heavily tested topics in SSC CGL, CHSL, CPO, and MTS exams. Questions are asked on Lok Sabha vs Rajya Sabha, Speaker, Money Bills, joint sitting, Question Hour, Zero Hour, parliamentary privileges, budget process, and constitutional articles from 79 to 122. This article covers the full 139-slide PPT comprehensively.

PPT Details

Field	Details
PPT Title	SSC Polity Parliament PPT Slides (LEC #12)
Subject	Polity – Parliament (संसद)
Series	Complete Foundation Batch for All SSC and Other Exams (PPT Series)
Total Slides	139 PPT Slides
File Size	44 MB
Serial Number	#68
Lecture	LEC #12
Format	PowerPoint (.pptx) + PDF
Target Exams	SSC CGL, SSC CHSL, SSC MTS, SSC CPO, SSC GD, SSC Steno
Website	slideshareppt.net

SSC Polity Parliament PPT Slides (LEC #12)

Note: Above is PPT in GOOGLE SLIDES (HTML AND IFRAME COMBINATION) and if you wish to download the Complete SSC series (PPT slides), Simply visit this redirect page – REDIRECT PAGE.

1. Parliament of India – Structure and Composition

• Parliament of India = President + Rajya Sabha (Upper House) + Lok Sabha (Lower House) – Article 79
• India has a bicameral legislature at the Centre – two Houses of Parliament
• Parliament is the supreme legislative body of India
• Parliament can legislate on subjects in the Union List and Concurrent List
• Parliament can also legislate on State List in certain situations (National Emergency, Rajya Sabha resolution under Article 249, President’s Rule, states request Parliament)
• The Parliament building (Sansad Bhavan) is located in New Delhi

2. Lok Sabha vs Rajya Sabha – Complete Comparison

Feature	Lok Sabha (Lower House)	Rajya Sabha (Upper House)
Also called	House of the People / Popular House	Council of States / Permanent House
Constitutional Article	Article 81	Article 80
Maximum strength	552 (530 states + 20 UTs + 2 Anglo-Indian nominated – deleted by 104th Amendment 2020)	250 (238 elected + 12 nominated by President)
Current strength	543 elected members	245 (233 elected + 12 nominated)
Elected by	Direct election by voters (universal adult franchise)	Indirect election by elected members of State Legislative Assemblies and UTs
Tenure	5 years (can be dissolved earlier by President)	Permanent – never dissolved; 1/3 members retire every 2 years
Minimum age	25 years	30 years
Presiding Officer	Speaker (elected by members); Deputy Speaker	Vice President of India (ex-officio Chairman); Deputy Chairman
Special powers	Money Bills originate only in LS; can override RS on Money Bill; no-confidence motion only in LS	Can pass resolution to create new All India Service (Article 312); cannot be dissolved
Quorum	1/10th of total membership (55 members)	1/10th of total membership (25 members)
First session	17 April 1952	3 April 1952 (RS met first)
Sessions per year	Minimum 2 sessions; usually 3 (Budget, Monsoon, Winter)	Same as LS

3. Key Constitutional Articles – Parliament

Article	Subject
Article 79	Constitution of Parliament: President + Rajya Sabha + Lok Sabha
Article 80	Composition of Rajya Sabha: 238 elected + 12 nominated; seats allocated by 4th Schedule
Article 81	Composition of Lok Sabha: not more than 530 from states + 20 from UTs + 2 Anglo-Indian (now deleted)
Article 83	Duration of Houses: LS – 5 years; RS – permanent (1/3 retire every 2 years)
Article 84	Qualification for membership of Parliament
Article 85	Sessions of Parliament; summoning, prorogation, dissolution by President
Article 86	President’s right to address and send messages to Parliament
Article 87	President’s special address at commencement of first session each year and after general election
Article 93	Speaker and Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha
Article 89	Chairman and Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha
Article 100	Voting in Houses; quorum
Article 105	Powers, privileges, and immunities of Parliament and its members
Article 108	Joint sitting of both Houses (convened by President)
Article 109	Special procedure for Money Bills
Article 110	Definition of Money Bill
Article 111	Assent to Bills by President
Article 112	Annual Financial Statement (Union Budget)
Article 113	Procedure in Parliament with respect to estimates
Article 114	Appropriation Bills
Article 117	Special provisions as to Financial Bills
Article 118	Rules of procedure of each House
Article 122	Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Parliament
Article 123	Ordinance-making power of President when Parliament not in session

4. Qualifications and Disqualifications for Parliament Membership

Qualification	Disqualification (Article 102)
Must be a citizen of India	Holds any office of profit under Government of India or state government
LS: must be 25 years; RS: must be 30 years	Declared of unsound mind by a court
Enrolled as voter in any parliamentary constituency	Undischarged insolvent
Any other qualification prescribed by Parliament by law	Not a citizen of India or voluntarily acquired foreign citizenship
—	Disqualified under Tenth Schedule (Anti-Defection Law)
—	Disqualified under any law made by Parliament (e.g., Representation of People Act 1951)

Disqualification Under Representation of People Act 1951

• Convicted and sentenced to imprisonment of 2 or more years
• Found guilty of corrupt practices in election
• Dismissed from government service for corruption or disloyalty
• Failed to lodge account of election expenses
• Interests in government contracts

5. Speaker of Lok Sabha and Chairman of Rajya Sabha

Feature	Speaker of Lok Sabha	Chairman of Rajya Sabha
Who	Elected by members of Lok Sabha from among themselves	Vice President of India – ex-officio Chairman (Article 89)
Article	Article 93	Article 89
Removal	Resolution by effective majority (majority of all then members) with 14 days’ notice; only during Lok Sabha session	Removed as VP (resolution by RS by majority + agreed by LS); no separate removal as Chairman
Casting vote	Has casting vote in case of tie	Has casting vote in case of tie
Decides Money Bill	Speaker’s certificate is final on whether a bill is Money Bill (Article 110)	No power on Money Bill; RS cannot initiate or reject Money Bill
Joint sitting	Presides over joint sitting of both Houses (Article 108)	Does not preside over joint sitting
Anti-Defection	Decides disqualification under 10th Schedule for LS members	Decides disqualification under 10th Schedule for RS members
Pro-tem Speaker	Appointed by President; swears in new MPs; conducts election of new Speaker	—
During dissolution	Continues in office even after dissolution of LS until new LS meets	Continues as VP

Key Points on Speaker

• First Speaker of Lok Sabha: G.V. Mavalankar (1952–1956)
• First woman Speaker: Meira Kumar (2009–2014)
• Current Speaker: Om Birla (since 2019, re-elected 2024)
• Speaker vacates office: (i) ceases to be member of LS; (ii) resigns by writing to Deputy Speaker; (iii) removed by effective majority resolution
• During removal resolution, Speaker can preside but cannot vote in first instance – can exercise casting vote only
• Deputy Speaker presides when Speaker is absent
• Pro-tem Speaker appointed by President to conduct first sitting after general elections

6. Sessions, Summoning, and Dissolution of Parliament

Term	Meaning	Key Points
Session	Period from first sitting to last sitting (prorogation) of Parliament	Usually 3 sessions: Budget (Feb–May), Monsoon (Jul–Aug), Winter (Nov–Dec)
Summoning	President summons Parliament (on advice of Cabinet)	Gap between two sessions cannot exceed 6 months
Prorogation	Termination of a session by President	Pending notices and bills lapse (except pending bills); members cannot be arrested during session
Dissolution	End of Lok Sabha’s term; all pending bills in LS lapse	Only LS can be dissolved; RS is permanent; pending bills in RS do not lapse
Adjournment	Suspension of proceedings for a definite or indefinite period (hours/days)	Decided by presiding officer; does not end the session
Adjournment Sine Die	Suspension of proceedings indefinitely (no date set for next sitting)	Decided by presiding officer; precedes prorogation
Quorum	Minimum number of members required to transact business	1/10th of total membership: LS = 55, RS = 25

Important Session Facts

• Budget Session: February to May – longest session; Union Budget presented on 1 February
• Monsoon Session: July to August
• Winter Session: November to December
• Maximum gap between two sessions: 6 months (constitutional requirement)
• Prorogation: ends session; routine bills not passed during session lapse
• Dissolution: only for Lok Sabha; all pending bills in LS lapse; new LS re-elected
• Joint sitting: called by President under Article 108; presided by Speaker

7. Types of Bills in Parliament

Type of Bill	Definition	Key Features
Ordinary Bill	Bill on any subject other than Money or Financial Bill	Can be introduced in either House; RS can reject or hold for 6 months; joint sitting resolves deadlock
Money Bill (Article 110)	Bill dealing with taxation, borrowing, Consolidated Fund, Contingency Fund, custody/issue of money from CFI, audit of accounts	Only in Lok Sabha; certified by Speaker; RS can only make recommendations (not binding); must return within 14 days; President cannot withhold assent
Financial Bill (Category I – Article 117(1))	Contains provisions of Article 110 + other matters	Only in LS; President’s recommendation required; treated like Money Bill in some ways
Financial Bill (Category II – Article 117(3))	Contains provisions involving expenditure from CFI but not covered by Art 110	Can be introduced in either House; President’s recommendation required; treated like Ordinary Bill otherwise
Constitutional Amendment Bill (Article 368)	Bill to amend the Constitution	Special majority required; some also need ratification by at least half of state legislatures

8. Money Bill – Article 110 (Most Important for SSC)

The Money Bill is one of the most frequently tested topics in SSC CGL and CHSL. Know the definition, procedure, and Rajya Sabha’s limited role.

What is a Money Bill? – Article 110

• A Bill is deemed to be a Money Bill if it contains only provisions dealing with:
• (a) Imposition, abolition, remission, alteration, or regulation of any tax
• (b) Regulation of borrowing of money by the Government of India
• (c) Custody of, payment into, or withdrawal from the Consolidated Fund of India or Contingency Fund
• (d) Appropriation of money out of the Consolidated Fund of India
• (e) Declaring any expenditure to be charged to CFI or increasing the amount of any such expenditure
• (f) Receipt of money on account of CFI or Public Account, or audit of accounts of Union or State
• (g) Any matter incidental to the above

Feature	Money Bill	Ordinary Bill
Introduction	Only Lok Sabha (Article 109)	Either House
Speaker’s certificate	Required – Speaker certifies if it is a Money Bill	Not required
Rajya Sabha’s power	Can only make recommendations; LS may accept or reject; must return within 14 days	Can amend, reject, or hold for 6 months; leads to joint sitting if deadlock
President’s options	Must give assent; cannot return or withhold	Can give assent, return for reconsideration, or withhold assent
Joint sitting	No joint sitting for Money Bills	Joint sitting if RS rejects, passes with amendments LS disagrees, or holds for 6+ months
Definition	Article 110 – tax, borrowing, CFI expenditure, appropriation, audit	No specific constitutional definition – anything not a Money or Financial Bill

9. Joint Sitting of Both Houses – Article 108

Feature	Details
Constitutional Article	Article 108
Convened by	President of India
Presided over by	Speaker of Lok Sabha (Deputy Speaker if Speaker absent; if both absent, a person determined by joint sitting)
When convened	(1) RS rejects the bill; (2) RS passes with amendments LS disagrees; (3) RS does not pass within 6 months
NOT applicable to	Money Bills; Constitutional Amendment Bills; Financial Bills (Category I)
Decision by	Simple majority of total members present and voting at joint sitting
LS dominance	Since LS has 543 members vs RS 245, LS effectively dominates joint sitting
Examples	Dowry Prohibition Act 1961; Banking Service Commission (Repeal) Act 1978; Prevention of Terrorism Act (POTA) 2002

10. Parliamentary Procedures – Question Hour, Zero Hour, and Motions

Procedure / Device	Details
Question Hour	First hour of every sitting; members ask questions; three types: Starred (oral), Unstarred (written), Short Notice
Starred Question	Oral answer required; supplementary questions allowed; marked with asterisk (*)
Unstarred Question	Written answer submitted; no supplementary questions
Short Notice Question	Asked with shorter notice than normal (10 days); on urgent public importance
Zero Hour	Immediately after Question Hour; no specific mention in Rules; members raise urgent matters without prior notice
Half-Hour Discussion	Discuss matters of sufficient public importance; raised after Question Hour; 3 times a week
Calling Attention Motion	Member calls attention of Minister to an urgent public matter; Minister makes a statement
Adjournment Motion	To adjourn normal business to discuss a definite matter of urgent public importance; only in LS; requires support of 50 members
No-Confidence Motion	Only in Lok Sabha; brings down the government if passed; requires support of 50 members to introduce
Censure Motion	Against a specific minister or group of ministers; no government falls even if passed
Cut Motions	Used during budget debate to reduce budgetary demands: Disapproval of Policy Cut, Economy Cut, Token Cut
Private Member’s Bill	Bill introduced by a non-minister MP; discussed on Fridays; rarely passed

11. Parliamentary Privileges – Article 105

Parliamentary privileges are special rights, immunities, and exemptions enjoyed by Parliament, its committees, and members. Without these, Parliament cannot function freely and independently.

Privilege	Details
Freedom of speech in Parliament (Article 105(1))	No member can be prosecuted in any court for anything said or any vote given in Parliament; complete immunity from judicial proceedings
Freedom from arrest (Article 105)	No member can be arrested in a civil case during: 40 days before session + duration of session + 40 days after session; criminal cases not covered
Right to exclude strangers	Parliament can exclude outsiders (press and public) from its proceedings
Right to punish for contempt	Parliament can punish any person (member or outsider) for breach of privilege or contempt of Parliament
Right to publish reports and debates	Cannot be held liable for publishing official reports of parliamentary proceedings
Exemption from jury service	Members exempt from jury service during session
No court can inquire into proceedings	Article 122 – courts cannot question validity of proceedings of Parliament on ground of any alleged irregularity of procedure

Breach of Privilege

• Any act that obstructs a member or the House in discharge of functions is breach of privilege
• Parliament can punish – including imprisonment – for breach of privilege or contempt
• Courts cannot question parliamentary proceedings (Article 122)
• Members can be expelled from Parliament for gross misconduct

12. Anti-Defection Law – Tenth Schedule

• Added by 52nd Constitutional Amendment Act 1985
• Provides for disqualification of members of Parliament and state legislatures on ground of defection
• A member is disqualified if: voluntarily gives up membership of the party which set them up; votes or abstains contrary to party direction without prior permission or subsequent condonation
• Speaker of Lok Sabha decides disqualification of LS members
• Chairman of Rajya Sabha decides disqualification of RS members
• Exception: Merger – if 2/3 or more members of a party/group merge with another party, it is not defection
• 91st Amendment 2003 – deleted exception for split (earlier 1/3 split was allowed); only merger (2/3) allowed
• Kihoto Hollohan Case (1992) – SC upheld validity of 10th Schedule; Speaker/Chairman’s decision subject to judicial review only after it is made

13. Budget and Financial Procedures – Articles 112–117

Term	Meaning / Details
Annual Financial Statement (Article 112)	Statement of estimated receipts and expenditure of Government for a financial year; commonly called the Union Budget
Consolidated Fund of India (Article 266)	All revenues received, loans raised, repayments – all go here; no money can be withdrawn without Parliamentary appropriation
Contingency Fund of India (Article 267)	For unforeseen urgent expenditures; placed at disposal of President; Parliament must ratify later; amount: Rs. 500 crore (revised from Rs. 50 crore)
Public Account of India (Article 266(2))	All other public moneys received by or on behalf of Government (provident fund, small savings, etc.)
Vote on Account	Allows government to withdraw funds from CFI before full budget approval; usually for 2 months
Interim Budget	Full budget presented by a caretaker/outgoing government in election year; convention, not law
Finance Bill	Bill to give effect to government’s taxation proposals; must be passed along with budget
Appropriation Bill (Article 114)	Authorises withdrawal from Consolidated Fund of India; must be passed before money can be spent
Guillotine	Unsanctioned demands for grants are put to vote together at end of allotted time without discussion

Budget Process in Parliament

• Finance Minister presents Union Budget on 1 February (changed from last day of February in 2017)
• Budget = General Discussion → Departmental Demands for Grants → Voting → Appropriation Bill → Finance Bill
• Railway Budget merged with Union Budget from 2017
• Demands for Grants: voted upon by Lok Sabha only (RS has no vote on these)
• Guillotine: outstanding demands voted without discussion at end of allotted time
• Vote on Account: allows expenditure for 2 months before full budget approval (used by caretaker govt)

14. Parliamentary Committees

Type	Key Committees	Function
Financial Committees	Public Accounts Committee (PAC); Estimates Committee; Committee on Public Undertakings	Scrutinise government expenditure and financial performance
Standing Committees	Departmentally Related Standing Committees (24 DRSCs)	Examine bills, budgets, and working of ministries in detail
Ad Hoc Committees	Select Committee; Joint Committee on a specific bill	Examine a particular bill; dissolved after purpose fulfilled
Other Key Committees	Business Advisory Committee; Rules Committee; Privileges Committee; Ethics Committee	Regulate business of House; examine privileges; code of conduct

Public Accounts Committee (PAC) – Most Important

• Examines the appropriation accounts of GoI and audit reports of CAG
• Consists of 22 members – 15 from LS, 7 from RS
• Chairman traditionally from Opposition party
• Verifies that money was spent as Parliament intended

Estimates Committee

• Examines estimates (budget demands) of expenditure
• Suggests alternatives for policy, administration, or organisation efficiency
• Members only from Lok Sabha (30 members); no RS representation

15. Quick Revision Fact Table – Parliament

Fact	Detail
Parliament =	President + Rajya Sabha + Lok Sabha (Article 79)
Lok Sabha maximum strength	552 (now effectively 543 after 104th Amendment 2020 deleted Anglo-Indian nomination)
Rajya Sabha maximum strength	250 (238 elected + 12 nominated by President)
Minimum age for LS	25 years | Minimum age for RS: 30 years
Speaker of Lok Sabha	Elected by LS members; removal needs effective majority + 14 days’ notice
RS Chairman	Vice President of India (ex-officio)
Speaker decides	Whether a Bill is a Money Bill (Article 110); Speaker’s decision is final
Joint sitting presided by	Speaker of Lok Sabha (Article 108)
Joint sitting not for	Money Bills, Constitutional Amendment Bills
Money Bill – can only be introduced in	Lok Sabha; certified by Speaker
RS and Money Bill	RS can only recommend; must return within 14 days; LS may or may not accept recommendations
No-confidence motion	Only in Lok Sabha; requires 50 members to introduce
Zero Hour	Immediately after Question Hour; no prior notice needed; no mention in Rules of Procedure
Quorum – LS	55 members (1/10th of 543)
Quorum – RS	25 members (1/10th of 245)
Budget presented under	Article 112 – Annual Financial Statement
Consolidated Fund of India	Article 266; all government revenues and expenditures pass through this
Contingency Fund	Article 267; Rs. 500 crore; at President’s disposal for emergencies
Parliamentary privilege – freedom of speech	Article 105(1) – no court can question anything said in Parliament
Anti-Defection Law	10th Schedule; added by 52nd Amendment 1985; Speaker/Chairman decides disqualification

also read: SSC Polity PM Ministers and AG PPT Slides (LEC #11)

16. Key Takeaways for SSC Exams

• Parliament = President + Rajya Sabha + Lok Sabha (Article 79)
• LS: 543 members, directly elected, 25 years minimum age, 5-year term, Speaker presides
• RS: 245 members, indirectly elected, 30 years minimum age, permanent House, VP presides
• Article 110 – Money Bill: only in LS; Speaker certifies; RS can only recommend; President must assent
• Article 108 – Joint sitting: called by President; presided by Speaker; not for Money Bills or CA Bills
• Article 105 – Parliamentary privileges; freedom of speech in Parliament; freedom from civil arrest
• Question Hour: Starred (oral), Unstarred (written), Short Notice
• Zero Hour: immediately after Question Hour; no prior notice; not mentioned in Rules
• No-confidence motion: only in LS; 50 members needed to introduce
• 10th Schedule – Anti-Defection; Speaker/Chairman decides; 2/3 merger allowed; split (1/3) no longer allowed
• Budget under Article 112; Consolidated Fund (Art 266); Contingency Fund (Art 267)
• PAC: 22 members (15 LS + 7 RS); Chairman from Opposition; examines CAG audit reports
• Estimates Committee: 30 members; only from LS; no RS members
• 104th Amendment 2020: deleted nomination of Anglo-Indian members to LS and state assemblies.