SSC Polity Citizenship PPT Slides (LEC #7)

This article covers SSC Polity Citizenship PPT Slides (LEC #7) (नागरिकता), part of the Complete Foundation Batch PPT Series at slideshareppt.net. This lecture covers Part II of the Indian Constitution (Articles 5–11), the Citizenship Act 1955, modes of acquiring and losing citizenship, the Citizenship Amendment Act 2019 (CAA), and NRI/OCI/PIO categories. Citizenship is a regularly tested topic in SSC CGL, CHSL, CPO, and MTS exams – questions on CAA, Article 11, modes of acquisition, and single citizenship appear frequently.

PPT Details

Field	Details
PPT Title	SSC Polity Citizenship PPT Slides (LEC #7)
Subject	Polity – Citizenship (नागरिकता)
Series	Complete Foundation Batch for All SSC and Other Exams (PPT Series)
Total Slides	68 PPT Slides
File Size	14 MB
Serial Number	#63
Lecture	LEC #7
Format	PowerPoint (.pptx) + PDF
Target Exams	SSC CGL, SSC CHSL, SSC MTS, SSC CPO, SSC GD, SSC Steno
Website	slideshareppt.net

SSC Polity Citizenship PPT Slides (LEC #7)

Note: Above is PPT in GOOGLE SLIDES (HTML AND IFRAME COMBINATION) and if you wish to download the Complete SSC series (PPT slides), Simply visit this redirect page – REDIRECT PAGE.

1. What is Citizenship?

Citizenship is the legal status of a person as a full member of a state, entitling them to all civil and political rights. In India, citizenship is governed by Part II of the Constitution (Articles 5–11) and detailed provisions are laid down in the Citizenship Act 1955, passed by Parliament under the power granted by Article 11.

Key Features of Indian Citizenship

• India has single citizenship – there is no separate state citizenship
• A person can be a citizen of India only; not of any state separately
• Single citizenship was borrowed from the United Kingdom
• Parliament has exclusive power to make laws on citizenship (Article 11)
• Citizenship gives access to Fundamental Rights under Part III of the Constitution
• Certain rights are available only to citizens: Article 15 (no discrimination), Article 16 (equal opportunity in public employment), Article 19 (six freedoms), Articles 29–30 (cultural & educational rights)
• Non-citizens (aliens) also get some rights – Articles 14, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28

2. Constitutional Articles on Citizenship – Part II (Articles 5–11)

Article	Subject
Article 5	Citizenship at commencement of the Constitution (26 Jan 1950)
Article 6	Rights of citizenship of certain persons who migrated from Pakistan to India
Article 7	Rights of citizenship of certain migrants to Pakistan (who returned)
Article 8	Rights of citizenship of certain persons of Indian origin residing outside India
Article 9	Persons voluntarily acquiring citizenship of a foreign state not to be citizens of India
Article 10	Continuance of the rights of citizenship
Article 11	Parliament’s power to regulate the right of citizenship by law

Article 5 – Citizenship at Commencement

• A person was a citizen of India at commencement (26 Jan 1950) if:
• (a) they had their domicile in India AND were born in India, OR
• (b) either of their parents was born in India, OR
• (c) they had been ordinarily resident in India for at least 5 years immediately before commencement

Article 6 – Migration from Pakistan

• Persons who migrated from Pakistan to India before 19 July 1948 – automatic citizen if domiciled in India
• Persons who migrated after 19 July 1948 – had to register as Indian citizen; resident for at least 6 months before applying

Article 7 – Migrants to Pakistan Who Returned

• Persons who migrated to Pakistan after 1 March 1947 but later returned on resettlement permit are eligible for citizenship
• Must be resident in India for at least 6 months and register

Article 8 – Indians Abroad

• Person of Indian origin residing outside India can register as Indian citizen with diplomatic/consular representative
• Applies to person or either parent/grandparent born in India as defined in GoI Act 1935

Article 11 – Parliament’s Power

• Parliament has the power to make laws regulating the right of citizenship
• Under this power, Parliament passed the Citizenship Act 1955
• Parliament can also make laws on acquisition, termination, and other matters of citizenship

3. Citizenship Act 1955 – Key Provisions

The Citizenship Act 1955 is the primary law governing Indian citizenship. It was enacted under Article 11 and has been amended multiple times – notably in 1986, 1992, 2003, 2005, and 2019 (CAA).

4. Modes of Acquiring Indian Citizenship

Mode	How Citizenship is Acquired	Key Condition
By Birth	Person born in India on or after 26 Jan 1950	Rules changed multiple times; currently both parents must be Indian citizens OR one parent citizen and other not illegal migrant
By Descent	Person born outside India on or after 26 Jan 1950	Father (originally); now either parent must be Indian citizen; must be registered at Indian consulate
By Registration	Foreign nationals of Indian origin, persons married to Indian citizens, minor children of Indian citizens, persons of Indian origin resident for 7 years	Application to prescribed authority; renounce existing citizenship
By Naturalisation	Foreigner who has resided in India for 11 years (including 12 months immediately before application)	Must renounce previous citizenship; good character; knowledge of Indian language
By Incorporation of Territory	When a new territory becomes part of India, its residents become Indian citizens	E.g., Goa (1961), Puducherry (1962), Sikkim (1975)

Citizenship by Birth – Changing Rules Over the Years

Born On	Rule for Citizenship by Birth
Before 26 Jan 1950	Governed by nationality laws of that time (British subject / domicile)
26 Jan 1950 – 1 Jul 1987	Person born in India is a citizen by birth regardless of parents’ nationality
1 Jul 1987 – 2 Dec 2004	Person born in India is citizen if at least ONE parent is an Indian citizen at the time of birth
On or after 3 Dec 2004	Person born in India is citizen ONLY IF both parents are Indian citizens OR one parent is Indian citizen and the other is NOT an illegal migrant

5. Modes of Losing Indian Citizenship

Mode	How Citizenship is Lost	Key Point
Renunciation	Voluntary act of giving up Indian citizenship by a citizen	If a male citizen renounces citizenship, his minor children also lose citizenship (can resume on attaining majority)
Termination	By operation of law – when an Indian citizen voluntarily acquires citizenship of another country	Citizenship automatically terminates; Article 9 applies
Deprivation	Compulsory termination by the Government of India	Only for citizens by registration or naturalisation (not by birth); grounds: fraud, disloyalty, trading with enemy, imprisonment within 5 years of registration, etc.

Key Points on Loss of Citizenship

• A citizen by birth CANNOT be deprived of citizenship by the government
• Deprivation is only possible for citizens by registration or naturalisation
• Voluntary acquisition of another country’s citizenship automatically terminates Indian citizenship (Article 9)
• During war, renunciation of citizenship can be withheld by the government

6. Citizenship Amendment Act 2019 (CAA) – Most Important for SSC Exams

Feature	Citizenship Amendment Act 2019 (CAA)
What it does	Provides expedited citizenship to persecuted religious minorities from Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Afghanistan
Eligible religions	Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis, and Christians (NOT Muslims)
Eligible countries	Pakistan, Bangladesh, Afghanistan (all Muslim-majority countries)
Entry deadline	Must have entered India on or before 31 December 2014
Residency requirement reduced	From 11 years to 5 years for these specific groups
Applies to	Illegal migrants of the specified religions from the three countries
Does NOT apply to	Muslims from these countries; people from other countries; tribals of NE states (6th Schedule areas)
When passed	11 December 2019 (Lok Sabha) | 12 December 2019 (Rajya Sabha) | President’s assent 12 Dec 2019
Rules notified	11 March 2024 – CAA Rules 2024 notified; Act became operational
Controversy	Critics argue it discriminates on religious grounds; violates Article 14 (equality)

States Exempted from CAA

• States under the Inner Line Permit (ILP) system are exempt: Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Mizoram, Manipur
• Areas covered by the Sixth Schedule (tribal areas): Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram
• These areas are protected to preserve tribal identity and culture

7. NRI, PIO, and OCI – Categories of Overseas Indians

Category	Full Form	Key Features
NRI	Non-Resident Indian	Indian citizen living outside India; holds Indian passport; retains Indian citizenship
PIO	Person of Indian Origin	Foreign national of Indian origin up to 4 generations; PIO card scheme (now merged with OCI)
OCI	Overseas Citizen of India	Introduced by Citizenship (Amendment) Act 2005; not full citizenship; lifelong visa; no political rights; cannot buy agricultural land
OCI Card	Overseas Citizen of India Cardholder	PIO and OCI merged in 2015; OCI is NOT a dual citizenship in the constitutional sense

OCI – Key Points for SSC Exams

• OCI was introduced by Citizenship (Amendment) Act 2005
• OCI cardholder gets: multiple-entry lifelong visa to India, exemption from reporting to police, parity with NRIs in most economic activities
• OCI does NOT get: right to vote, right to contest elections, right to hold constitutional posts (President, VP, Governor, etc.), right to buy agricultural land or plantation property
• OCI is NOT dual citizenship in the strict constitutional sense
• In 2015, PIO cards were merged into OCI – all PIO cardholders became OCI cardholders

8. Indian Citizenship vs Other Countries – Comparison

Feature	India	USA	UK
Type of Citizenship	Single citizenship	Dual citizenship (federal + state)	Single citizenship
Citizenship by Birth	Conditional (both parents must be citizens if born after 2004)	Jus soli – anyone born on US soil is citizen	Conditional – at least one parent must be settled
Dual Citizenship allowed?	No – acquiring another citizenship terminates Indian citizenship	Yes	Yes (in most cases)
OCI status	Not full citizenship; no voting rights	Not applicable	Not applicable
Constitutional Articles	Articles 5–11	14th Amendment	British Nationality Act 1981

9. Rights Available Only to Citizens vs All Persons

Rights Available ONLY to Citizens	Rights Available to ALL Persons (Citizens + Non-Citizens)
Article 15 – No discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth	Article 14 – Equality before law and equal protection of laws
Article 16 – Equal opportunity in public employment	Article 20 – Protection in respect of conviction for offences
Article 19 – Six freedoms (speech, assembly, association, movement, residence, profession)	Article 21 – Right to Life and Personal Liberty
Article 29 – Protection of interests of minorities	Article 21A – Right to Education
Article 30 – Right of minorities to establish educational institutions	Article 22 – Protection against arbitrary arrest and detention
Right to vote in elections (Article 326)	Articles 23–24 – Right against exploitation
Right to contest elections	Articles 25–28 – Right to Freedom of Religion
Right to hold constitutional offices (President, VP, PM, Governor, etc.)	—

10. Quick Revision Fact Table – Citizenship

Fact	Detail
Citizenship provisions in Constitution	Part II – Articles 5 to 11
Detailed law on citizenship	The Citizenship Act 1955 (passed by Parliament under Article 11)
Type of citizenship in India	Single citizenship – no separate state citizenship
Who grants citizenship in India?	Parliament – by law (Article 11); no state can grant citizenship
Citizenship by birth – current rule	Both parents must be Indian citizens OR one parent citizen and other not an illegal migrant (born on or after 3 Dec 2004)
Citizenship by naturalisation residency	11 years (including 12 months immediately before application)
CAA 2019 residency requirement	Reduced to 5 years for eligible persecuted minorities from Pak, Bangladesh, Afghanistan
CAA 2019 – religions covered	Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, Jain, Parsi, Christian (NOT Muslim)
CAA Rules notified	11 March 2024
OCI introduced by	Citizenship (Amendment) Act 2005
OCI – political rights?	No – OCI cardholders cannot vote, contest elections, or hold constitutional posts
PIO and OCI merged	2015 – all PIO cards converted to OCI cards
Article 9	Voluntarily acquiring foreign citizenship terminates Indian citizenship automatically
Deprivation of citizenship possible for	Citizens by registration or naturalisation only; NOT citizens by birth
Renunciation – minor children	If father renounces, minor children also lose citizenship; can reclaim on attaining majority
Single citizenship borrowed from	United Kingdom
Overseas Indian voters	NRIs enrolled in Indian electoral rolls can vote in Indian elections (since 2011)

also read: SSC Polity Union of India and States PPT Slides (LEC #6)

11. Key Takeaways for SSC Exams

• Citizenship provisions: Part II, Articles 5–11 of the Constitution
• Detailed citizenship law: Citizenship Act 1955 (enacted under Article 11)
• India has single citizenship – no state citizenship; borrowed from UK
• 5 modes of acquiring citizenship: Birth, Descent, Registration, Naturalisation, Incorporation of Territory
• Naturalisation residency requirement: 11 years (5 years under CAA 2019 for eligible groups)
• 3 modes of losing citizenship: Renunciation, Termination, Deprivation
• Deprivation only for citizens by registration/naturalisation – NOT by birth
• Article 9 – voluntary acquisition of foreign citizenship terminates Indian citizenship
• CAA 2019 – covers Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, Jain, Parsi, Christian from Pak/Bangladesh/Afghanistan
• CAA Rules notified: 11 March 2024 – Act became operational
• OCI introduced by Citizenship (Amendment) Act 2005; PIO merged into OCI in 2015
• OCI has no political rights – cannot vote or hold constitutional posts
• Citizenship by birth (post 3 Dec 2004): both parents must be Indian citizens OR one citizen + other not illegal migrant
• Parliament has exclusive power over citizenship (Article 11); states cannot grant citizenship.