Now this is Lecture 30 (SSC History Political and other Associations PPT (LEC #30) of the Complete Foundation Batch for All SSC Exams – PPT Series by SlidesharePPT. This is one of the biggest lectures in the entire History series – covering Modern Indian History: Political and Other Associations in India (राजनीतिक और अन्य संगठन) across 150 years of organized political activity from 1838 to 1947.
In this article, you will find a complete study guide built around the massive 169-slide PPT – covering all pre-INC political associations, major political parties including Muslim League and RSS, all revolutionary organizations from Anushilan Samiti to INA, key revolutionary events including Kakori Train Robbery, Chittagong Armoury Raid, and Bhagat Singh’s actions, a complete Subhas Chandra Bose profile, B.R. Ambedkar’s organizations, a Podcast-style Q&A on the most confusing topics, and 30 practice MCQs with answers. This chapter combined with LEC #29 (INC) gives you complete command of SSC Modern Indian History.
The PPT slides are embedded below – self-made, regularly updated, and fully ready for online and offline classroom use. Whether you are a teacher running a regular batch or a full marathon revision session before exams, or a student doing last-minute SSC preparation, you can view and use all 169 slides directly on any device – no download needed.
Section 1: PPT Resource Overview
| PPT RESOURCE OVERVIEW – LEC #30 | |
| Complete Foundation Batch for All SSC Exams | History PPT Series | Political and Other Associations | |
| Lecture Title | Political and Other Associations in India (राजनीतिक और अन्य संगठन) |
| Lecture Number | Lecture 30 (LEC #30) |
| Serial Number | #55 in the Complete Foundation Batch PPT Series |
| Total Slides | 169 High-Quality PPT Slides – Second largest lecture in the History series |
| File Size | 49 MB |
| Subject | Modern Indian History |
| Series Name | Complete Foundation Batch for All SSC and Other Competitive Exams (PPT SERIES) |
| Target Exams | SSC CGL | SSC CHSL | SSC MTS | SSC GD Constable | RRB Group D | UPSC Prelims | State PSC |
| Topics Covered | Pre-INC Associations → Muslim League → Hindu Mahasabha → RSS → Revolutionary Organizations → Ghadar Party → INA/Azad Hind Fauj → HSRA (Bhagat Singh) → Kakori → Chittagong → Labour + Kisan Organizations → Ambedkar’s Organizations → Women’s Organizations |
| Key Personalities | V.D. Savarkar, Bhagat Singh, Chandrashekhar Azad, Subhas Chandra Bose, Lala Hardayal, Surya Sen, Surendranath Banerjea, M.G. Ranade, B.R. Ambedkar |
| Difficulty Level | Moderate – many organizations; founding year + founder + location is the tested pattern |
| Recommended Study | 3 to 4 days (first read) | 1 day (revision using tables) |
| PPT Source | slideshareppt.net |
| Best Combined With | LEC #29 (INC) – both together cover all organized political activity in British India |
| Exam Tip: 8–12 direct MCQs from Political Associations – founding year + founder + location is the most tested pattern | |
SSC History Political and other Associations PPT (LEC #30)
Note: If you wish to download the Complete SSC series (PPT slides), Simply visit this redirect page. –REDIRECT PAGE.
Section 2: Pre-INC Political Associations (1838–1885)
The organizations that preceded and inspired the INC. ‘First political association in modern India’ is a direct SSC MCQ – know Landholders’ Society (1838).
| Association | Year | Founder(s) | Location | Key SSC Facts |
| Landholders’ Society | 1838 | Dwarkanath Tagore + Prasanna Kumar Tagore | Calcutta, Bengal | FIRST political association in modern India; mainly zamindars petitioning British; demanded reforms; predecessor to British India Association |
| Bengal British India Society | 1843 | George Thompson (British) + Indian members | Calcutta | Promoted British-Indian cooperation; discussed India’s welfare; short-lived |
| British Indian Association | 1851 | Debendranath Tagore + Radhakanta Deb | Calcutta | Merged Landholders’ Society + Bengal British India Society; petitioned British Parliament during Charter Act renewals; submitted memoranda |
| Bombay Association | 1852 | Jagannath Shankarsheth + Dadabhai Naoroji | Bombay | Demanded Indian representation in councils; petitioned Parliament; early western India political organization |
| Madras Native Association | 1852 | Gazetteers + local leaders | Madras | South India counterpart; petitioned British Parliament; sought Indian representation |
| East India Association | 1866 | Dadabhai Naoroji | London, UK | Founded in LONDON to lobby British Parliament and public for Indian interests; Naoroji’s platform to propagate Drain of Wealth theory to British audiences |
| Poona Sarvajanik Sabha | 1870 | M.G. Ranade + G.V. Joshi | Pune, Maharashtra | ‘Public Assembly of Poona’; collected grievances of local people; submitted petitions; model for later political organizations; Ranade’s most important political platform |
| Indian League | 1875 | Sisir Kumar Ghosh | Calcutta | Stimulate Indian nationalism; encourage political education; short-lived but important precursor |
| Indian Association | 1876 | Surendranath Banerjea + Ananda Mohan Bose | Calcutta | Most important pre-INC organization; aimed at creating a strong body of public opinion; agitated for ICS age limit reform; organized all-India agitation – ‘father of organized political agitation’ |
| Bombay Presidency Association | 1885 | Pherozeshah Mehta + K.T. Telang + Badruddin Tyabji | Bombay | Founded same year as INC; eventually merged with INC activities; Pherozeshah Mehta = ‘Uncrowned King of Bombay’ |
| Indian National Conference | 1883 | Surendranath Banerjea | Calcutta | Preceded INC; brought together delegates from across India; INC absorbed this initiative |
Section 3: Political Parties and Organizations
All major political organizations from Muslim League (1906) to Forward Bloc (1939). Founding year + founder + location = the standard SSC MCQ pattern.
| Organization | Year | Founder(s) | Location | Key SSC Facts |
| All India Muslim League | 1906 | Nawab Salimullah + Aga Khan Khan III + Nawab Mohsin ul Mulk | Dhaka | Separate Muslim political organization; separate electorates demand; eventually led Pakistan movement; Muhammad Ali Jinnah later dominated |
| Servants of India Society | 1905 | G.K. Gokhale | Pune | Full-time social and political workers trained for national service; moderate; constitutional methods; Gandhi was not admitted (too radical for Gokhale) |
| Hindu Mahasabha | 1915 (formal 1921) | Madan Mohan Malaviya (1915 Hardwar conf); Lala Lajpat Rai active | Hardwar → Haridwar | Hindu nationalist organization; opposed Muslim League’s separatism; V.D. Savarkar became president 1937; promoted Hindutva ideology |
| Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) | 1925 | K.B. Hedgewar (Keshav Baliram Hedgewar) | Nagpur, Maharashtra | Hindu nationalist volunteer organization; founded on Vijayadashami 1925; Dr. Hedgewar = first Sarsanghchalak (chief); M.S. Golwalkar = second chief (Guruji) |
| Communist Party of India (CPI) | 1920 (Tashkent) / 1925 (Kanpur) | M.N. Roy (Tashkent); Shaukat Usmani + S.A. Dange (Kanpur) | Tashkent → Kanpur | M.N. Roy founded in Tashkent 1920; formal Indian founding at Kanpur 1925; first communist party in Asia outside Soviet Union |
| Swarajist Party | 1922–23 | C.R. Das (Deshbandhu) + Motilal Nehru | Calcutta/Allahabad | Formed after Gandhi withdrew NCM; entered legislatures to ‘wreck from within’; C.R. Das = first President; dissolved when Gandhi resumed active politics |
| All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) | 1920 | Lala Lajpat Rai (first President) + B.P. Wadia | Bombay | First national trade union federation; founded October 31, 1920; N.M. Joshi was first General Secretary; still India’s oldest trade union federation |
| All India Kisan Sabha | 1936 | Swami Sahajanand Saraswati (President) + N.G. Ranga | Lucknow | Peasant organization; formed at Lucknow INC session; demanded land rights, end to zamindari; grew into major peasant movement organization |
| Forward Bloc | 1939 | Subhas Chandra Bose | Calcutta | After losing INC presidency; formed own party; left-wing; militant nationalism; later Bose escaped to Germany and then Japan |
| All India Women’s Conference (AIWC) | 1927 | Margaret Cousins (Irish) | Pune | First national women’s organization; focused on women’s education and rights; Sarojini Naidu later associated; still active |
| All India Scheduled Castes Federation | 1942 | B.R. Ambedkar | Nagpur | Ambedkar’s political organization for Dalits; criticized INC; demanded separate protections; led to Republican Party of India later |
| Indian Liberal Federation | 1919 | Surendranath Banerjea + others | Calcutta | After INC adopted Gandhi’s non-cooperation; moderates who disagreed formed Liberal Federation; pro-cooperation with British constitutional reform |
Section 4: Revolutionary Organizations – Complete Table
From Anushilan Samiti (1902) to INA (1942). Every organization tested in SSC is here.
| Organization | Year | Founded By | Location | Key SSC Facts |
| Anushilan Samiti | 1902 | P. Mitter + Sarala Devi Ghosal (Calcutta branch); Barindra Kumar Ghosh + Bhupendranath Datta (Dhaka branch) | Bengal | First major revolutionary secret society; physical training + revolutionary ideology; Alipore Bomb Case (1908) linked; Yugantar group offshoot |
| Abhinav Bharat | 1904 | V.D. Savarkar | Pune, Maharashtra | ‘Young India Society’; secret revolutionary society; collected arms; linked with Indian revolutionaries in London; Savarkar’s base before going to London; Italian carbonari model |
| India House | 1905 | Shyamji Krishna Varma | London, UK | London HQ of Indian revolutionary activities; V.D. Savarkar + Madanlal Dhingra associated; Indian Sociologist journal published; Madan Lal Dhingra killed Curzon Wyllie (1909) |
| Ghadar Party | 1913 | Lala Hardayal (primary) + Sohan Singh Bhakna (President) | San Francisco, USA | ‘Ghadar’ = Mutiny/Revolution; Indian immigrants (mainly Sikh) in USA and Canada; published Ghadar newspaper; planned armed revolution in India during WW1 (1915 attempt failed); most international Indian revolutionary organization |
| Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) | 1924 | Sachindra Nath Sanyal | Allahabad | Armed revolution to end British rule; Kakori Train Robbery (1925); Ram Prasad Bismil + Ashfaqullah Khan + Rajendra Lahiri = key members; all hanged/killed |
| Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) | 1928 | Bhagat Singh + Chandrashekhar Azad + Sukhdev | Ferozepur (reconstituted HRA) | Added ‘Socialist’ to HRA; Bhagat Singh + Batukeshwar Dutt threw bombs in Central Legislative Assembly (April 8, 1929); Lahore Conspiracy Case; Bhagat Singh + Sukhdev + Rajguru hanged March 23, 1931 |
| Naujawan Bharat Sabha | 1926 | Bhagat Singh | Lahore, Punjab | Youth organization; combined revolutionary nationalism with socialism; mobilized young workers and peasants; supported HSRA activities |
| Indian Independence League | 1942 | Rash Behari Bose (then Subhas Chandra Bose) | Tokyo/Southeast Asia | Coordinated Indian expatriates and POWs in Southeast Asia; provided political organization for INA |
| Indian National Army (INA / Azad Hind Fauj) | 1942 (reorganized 1943) | Mohan Singh (original 1942); Subhas Chandra Bose (from 1943) | Singapore → Southeast Asia | Indian POWs from British Army + Indian civilians in SE Asia; Bose took command January 1943; three brigades: Gandhi, Nehru, Azad; Rani of Jhansi Regiment (women’s); INA trial (1945) = massive Indian sympathy |
| Azad Hind Government | 1943 | Subhas Chandra Bose | Singapore (Oct 21, 1943) | Provisional government of Free India; recognized by Japan, Germany, Italy + 9 other countries; Bose = Head of State, PM, War Minister; Andaman + Nicobar renamed Shahid + Swaraj Dweep |
Section 5: Key Revolutionary Events – Complete Table
All major revolutionary incidents with date, place, leaders, and SSC significance.
| Event | Year | Place | Who | Key SSC Facts |
| Chapekar Brothers Attack | 1897 | Poona (Pune), Maharashtra | Damodar + Balkrishna Chapekar | Assassinated British plague officials W.C. Rand and Lt. Ayerst at Poona; both brothers hanged; Tilak’s articles on this led to his first imprisonment; first organized political assassination of British officials |
| Madan Lal Dhingra – Curzon Wyllie | 1909 | London, UK | Madan Lal Dhingra | Shot and killed Curzon Wyllie (aide of Secretary of State) at India Office meeting in London; hanged August 17, 1909; V.D. Savarkar linked; ‘India House’ London network |
| Alipore Bomb Case | 1908 | Alipore, Calcutta | Barindra Kumar Ghosh + Khudiram Bose | Muzaffarpur bomb case – Khudiram Bose + Prafulla Chaki threw bomb at carriage of Magistrate Kingsford (hit wrong carriage); Khudiram caught + hanged (only 18 years old); Prafulla Chaki killed himself; Barindra’s Anushilan Samiti connections exposed |
| Khudiram Bose Hanging | 1908 | Muzaffarpur, Bihar | Khudiram Bose | Youngest revolutionary to be hanged – age 18; threw Muzaffarpur bomb; became a martyr and symbol of revolutionary Bengal |
| Ghadar Mutiny Attempt | 1915 | Punjab, India | Rash Behari Bose + Ghadar Party | Planned simultaneous mutiny of Indian soldiers during WW1; plan leaked by informers; mass arrests; Rash Behari Bose escaped to Japan; 40+ hanged |
| Kakori Train Robbery | August 9, 1925 | Kakori, UP (near Lucknow) | Ram Prasad Bismil + Ashfaqullah Khan + Rajendra Lahiri + Chandrashekhar Azad (HRA) | Looted British government treasury being transported by train; to fund HRA activities; 4 hanged (Bismil, Ashfaqullah, Lahiri, Roshan Singh); Chandrashekhar Azad escaped |
| Saunders Murder | December 17, 1928 | Lahore, Punjab | Bhagat Singh + Chandrashekhar Azad + Rajguru | Shot and killed Assistant Superintendent Saunders (mistaken for Superintendent Scott who had ordered lathi charge that killed Lala Lajpat Rai) |
| Central Assembly Bomb | April 8, 1929 | Central Legislative Assembly, Delhi | Bhagat Singh + Batukeshwar Dutt | Threw smoke bombs (not to kill); shouted ‘Inquilab Zindabad’; distributed pamphlets; allowed themselves to be arrested – ‘to make the deaf hear’; Bhagat Singh demanded to be tried as a political prisoner |
| Lahore Conspiracy Case | 1929–31 | Lahore | Bhagat Singh + Sukhdev + Rajguru | Trial for Saunders murder; Bhagat Singh refused defence; hunger strike in jail (63 days) demanding political prisoner status; hanged March 23, 1931 at Lahore Central Jail (one day before scheduled date) |
| Chittagong Armoury Raid | April 18, 1930 | Chittagong (now Bangladesh) | Surya Sen (Masterda) | Captured two armouries; declared Provisional Revolutionary Government; British Army recaptured within days; Surya Sen captured 1933; hanged January 12, 1934; ‘Masterda’ = revered as revolutionary hero of Bengal |
| INA Trials | 1945–46 | Delhi (Red Fort) | Shah Nawaz Khan + P.K. Sehgal + G.S. Dhillon (accused) | British tried INA officers for treason; INC provided legal team (Nehru, Bhulabhai Desai, Tej Bahadur Sapru); massive public sympathy for INA; trials created anti-British sentiment in Indian Army – accelerated independence |
Section 6: Subhas Chandra Bose – Complete Profile
Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose is one of the most tested personalities in SSC Modern History. This table covers every aspect of his life and career.
| Aspect | Details & SSC Key Facts |
| Full Name & Titles | Subhas Chandra Bose – ‘Netaji’ (Respected Leader); also called ‘Deshpran’ in Bengal |
| Born | January 23, 1897 – Cuttack, Odisha |
| ICS Examination | Passed ICS exam in London (1920) – 4th rank; RESIGNED to join freedom movement under C.R. Das |
| INC Career | General Secretary of INC; Mayor of Calcutta (1930); INC President 1938 (Haripura) + re-elected 1939 (Tripuri) against Gandhi’s candidate |
| Tripuri Crisis | Re-elected INC President 1939 despite Gandhi opposing; Gandhi said Pattabhi Sitaramayya’s defeat was his own defeat; Bose resigned; formed Forward Bloc (1939) |
| Escape from India | January 1941 – escaped house arrest in Calcutta disguised as a Pathan insurance agent; went to Kabul → Moscow → Berlin |
| In Germany | Met Hitler; formed Free India Legion (Azad Hind Legion) with Indian POWs from North Africa; Indian Legion = 3,000 soldiers; gave radio speeches from Azad Hind Radio |
| Journey to Asia | February 1943 – submarine journey from Germany to Japan (Cape of Good Hope route); transferred from German U-boat to Japanese submarine; longest submarine voyage in WW2 |
| INA / Azad Hind Fauj | Took command from Mohan Singh; reorganized INA in Singapore; three brigades: Gandhi, Nehru, Azad; Rani of Jhansi Regiment (women warriors) under Captain Lakshmi Sahgal |
| Azad Hind Government | October 21, 1943 – provisional government declared in Singapore; recognized by 9 countries; Andaman renamed Shahid Dweep; Nicobar renamed Swaraj Dweep |
| INA March on India | 1944 – INA + Japanese forces marched from Burma toward India; reached Kohima and Imphal; BUT Japanese supply lines collapsed; INA forced to retreat; disaster |
| Death | August 18, 1945 – Bose reportedly died in a plane crash in Taihoku (Taipei), Taiwan; Japanese Nakajima Ki-21 bomber; body cremated in Tokyo; his ashes at Renkoji Temple, Tokyo – DISPUTED by many Indians |
| Famous Quotes | ‘Give me blood and I will give you freedom’; ‘Jai Hind’ (popularized by him); ‘Delhi Chalo’ (march to Delhi) |
| Significance | INA trials (1945) created massive sympathy; Royal Indian Navy Mutiny (1946) triggered partly by INA spirit; accelerated British decision to leave India |
Section 7: B.R. Ambedkar and Dalit Organizations
Ambedkar’s organizations and key events are regularly tested. Mahad Satyagraha, Poona Pact, and his conversion are the highest-frequency topics.
| Organization / Event | Year | Location | Details | SSC Key Facts |
| Bahishkrit Hitakarini Sabha | 1924 | B.R. Ambedkar | Bombay | ‘Excluded People’s Welfare Society’; promote education + socio-economic improvement of Dalits; Ambedkar’s first formal organization |
| Mahad Satyagraha | 1927 | B.R. Ambedkar | Mahad, Maharashtra | Dalits asserted right to use public Chavadar tank (water reservoir); British had passed resolution allowing it but upper castes defied it; first organized Dalit civil rights action; Ambedkar publicly burned Manusmriti |
| Nasik Satyagraha | 1930–35 | B.R. Ambedkar | Nasik, Maharashtra | Dalits demanded right to enter Kalaram Temple; 5-year sustained agitation; showed Ambedkar’s patient organizing capacity |
| All India Scheduled Castes Federation | 1942 | B.R. Ambedkar | Nagpur | Political organization for Dalits; demanded separate political protections; INC political rival; became Republican Party of India after independence |
| Poona Pact | September 24, 1932 | Gandhi + B.R. Ambedkar | Pune | Gandhi fasted against Communal Award’s separate Dalit electorates; Ambedkar agreed to give up separate electorates in exchange for far more reserved seats in joint electorates; Ambedkar felt he was coerced |
| Conversion to Buddhism | October 14, 1956 | B.R. Ambedkar | Nagpur | Ambedkar converted to Buddhism with 600,000 followers; rejected Hinduism’s caste system; ‘I was born a Hindu but will not die a Hindu’; died December 6, 1956 – six weeks after conversion |
| Independent Labour Party | 1936 | B.R. Ambedkar | Bombay | Political party; contested 1937 provincial elections; won 15 seats in Bombay; focused on labour rights + Dalit interests |
Section 8: Bhagat Singh – Key Facts
Must-Know Timeline
- Born: September 27 OR 28, 1907 – Lyallpur (now Faisalabad, Pakistan), Punjab
- 1926: Founded Naujawan Bharat Sabha, Lahore – youth socialist organization
- 1928: Co-founded HSRA (Hindustan Socialist Republican Association) with Chandrashekhar Azad + Sukhdev
- December 17, 1928: Shot Saunders (ASP) in Lahore – avenging Lala Lajpat Rai
- April 8, 1929: Threw smoke bombs in Central Legislative Assembly with Batukeshwar Dutt – ‘Inquilab Zindabad’
- 63-day hunger strike in jail – demanded political prisoner status
- March 23, 1931: Hanged at Lahore Central Jail with Sukhdev + Rajguru – age 23
- Famous sayings: ‘They may kill me but they cannot kill my ideas’; ‘Inquilab Zindabad’
Bhagat Singh’s Philosophy
- Was an ATHEIST – wrote ‘Why I am an Atheist’ (1930) in prison – directly asked in SSC
- Was a SOCIALIST – believed in class struggle not just anti-British nationalism
- Influenced by Marx, Lenin, and Bhagavad Gita
- Studied revolutionary literature in depth while in prison
Section 9: Podcast Q&A – Most Frequently Confused Topics
| # | Question | Expert Answer – Exam-Focused |
| Q1 | What was the Ghadar Party and why is it important for SSC? | The Ghadar Party (‘Ghadar’ means mutiny/revolution) was founded in 1913 in San Francisco, USA, primarily by Lala Hardayal (ideological founder) and Sohan Singh Bhakna (first President). It was primarily composed of Indian immigrants – especially Sikhs – who had migrated to the USA and Canada for work but faced racial discrimination and were inspired to fight for Indian independence. Key SSC facts: (1) Founded in San Francisco, 1913; (2) Published ‘Ghadar’ newspaper in Urdu, Punjabi, and Gujarati; (3) During WW1 (1915), Ghadarites returned to India to launch an armed revolt – the plan was leaked and failed; 40+ were hanged; (4) Rash Behari Bose helped organize the planned revolt but escaped to Japan; (5) It was the most international of all Indian revolutionary organizations; (6) Lala Hardayal was arrested in USA and escaped to Europe; (7) The party showed that even Indian diaspora were committed to independence. SSC MCQ: ‘Ghadar Party was founded in?’ → San Francisco, 1913. ‘Who founded Ghadar Party?’ → Lala Hardayal + Sohan Singh Bhakna. |
| Q2 | Who was Bhagat Singh and what exactly did he do? Give all SSC-critical facts. | Bhagat Singh (1907–1931) was Punjab’s greatest revolutionary hero. Key timeline of his actions: (1) 1926: Founded Naujawan Bharat Sabha (youth organization, Lahore); (2) 1928: Co-founded HSRA (Hindustan Socialist Republican Association) with Chandrashekhar Azad and Sukhdev; (3) December 17, 1928: Shot and killed Assistant Superintendent Saunders in Lahore – avenging the death of Lala Lajpat Rai (who died from police lathi charge during Simon Commission protest); (4) April 8, 1929: With Batukeshwar Dutt, threw smoke bombs in Central Legislative Assembly Delhi – NOT to kill but to ‘make the deaf hear’; distributed pamphlets reading ‘Inquilab Zindabad’; allowed arrest deliberately; (5) Prison: Went on 63-day hunger strike demanding political prisoner status; (6) March 23, 1931: Hanged at Lahore Central Jail along with Sukhdev and Rajguru – one day before the scheduled date (British feared public reaction). Age at death: 23. Famous quote: ‘They may kill me but they cannot kill my ideas.’ |
| Q3 | What was the INA (Indian National Army) and what was its significance? | The INA (Indian National Army / Azad Hind Fauj) was an armed force formed from Indian prisoners of war and Indian civilians in Southeast Asia during WW2. Key facts: (1) First formed by Mohan Singh in 1942 from Indian POWs captured by Japan in Malaya/Singapore; (2) Subhas Chandra Bose took command in 1943 after arriving by submarine from Germany; (3) Three main brigades: Gandhi Brigade, Nehru Brigade, Azad Brigade; (4) Rani of Jhansi Regiment: All-women unit under Captain Lakshmi Sahgal – first women’s army unit in South Asia; (5) 1944 campaign: INA + Japanese marched toward India via Burma; reached Imphal and Kohima; BUT Japan’s supply lines collapsed; forced to retreat; thousands died of disease and starvation; (6) INA Trials (1945–46): British tried INA officers for treason at Red Fort, Delhi; INC provided defence lawyers (Nehru, Bhulabhai Desai); massive public sympathy for INA accused; Indian Army soldiers were deeply moved; (7) Impact: INA trials accelerated British departure – showed British could no longer rely on Indian Army’s loyalty. SSC MCQ: ‘Azad Hind Fauj was established by?’ → Subhas Chandra Bose (formally 1943). |
| Q4 | What was the Kakori Train Robbery (1925) and who were the heroes? | The Kakori Train Robbery took place on August 9, 1925, when members of the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) stopped a train near Kakori village (Uttar Pradesh, near Lucknow) and looted the British government treasury cash being transported. The purpose: To fund the HRA’s revolutionary activities. Key participants: Ram Prasad Bismil (organizer), Ashfaqullah Khan, Rajendra Lahiri, Roshan Singh, Chandrashekhar Azad (escaped). British response: Massive crackdown; 40 HRA members arrested; 4 hanged – Ram Prasad Bismil (December 19, 1927), Ashfaqullah Khan (December 19, 1927), Rajendra Lahiri (December 17, 1927), Roshan Singh (December 19, 1927). Chandrashekhar Azad escaped and continued revolutionary activities. Why Ashfaqullah Khan is special: He was Muslim; his friendship with Ram Prasad Bismil (Hindu) across religious lines is celebrated as a symbol of Hindu-Muslim revolutionary brotherhood. Bismil’s autobiography and poems written in prison are literary masterpieces. SSC MCQ: ‘Kakori Train Robbery was organized by?’ → Ram Prasad Bismil / HRA. ‘Year of Kakori incident?’ → 1925. |
| Q5 | What was the significance of the INA Trials (1945-46) for India’s independence? | The INA Trials of 1945–46 were one of the most consequential events in the final phase of the independence struggle. The British government decided to try INA officers for treason at the Red Fort, Delhi. Three officers were chosen for the first trial: Shah Nawaz Khan (Muslim), P.K. Sehgal (Hindu), and G.S. Dhillon (Sikh) – this combination was deliberate to show Hindu-Muslim-Sikh unity in the INA. INC’s response: Jawaharlal Nehru (who had been critical of Bose earlier) donned his barrister’s gown and appeared for the defence alongside Bhulabhai Desai and Tej Bahadur Sapru. Public reaction: Massive pro-INA demonstrations across India; INA soldiers became heroes; collections for their defence reached crores. The crucial consequence: Indian soldiers in the British Indian Army – who had fought against INA – now sympathized with the INA prisoners. This sympathy crystallized in the Royal Indian Navy Mutiny (February 1946), when Indian naval ratings in Bombay mutinied. British realized they could no longer count on the Indian military’s loyalty – accelerating the decision to transfer power by 1947. |
| Q6 | What is the difference between the Anushilan Samiti and the HSRA? How should I distinguish revolutionary organizations for SSC? | Use this framework to distinguish the major revolutionary organizations: By ERA: Early (1900–1915): Anushilan Samiti (1902, Bengal), Abhinav Bharat (1904, Pune), India House (1905, London), Ghadar Party (1913, San Francisco). Middle (1920s): HRA (1924, Allahabad – Kakori 1925). Late (1928–1931): HSRA (1928, reconstituted HRA – Bhagat Singh era). WW2 era: INA/Azad Hind (1942–43). By GEOGRAPHY: Bengal: Anushilan Samiti, Yugantar, Chittagong (Surya Sen). Maharashtra/Pune: Abhinav Bharat (Savarkar), Chapekar Brothers. Punjab: HSRA (Bhagat Singh), Ghadar Party overseas. Global: India House (London), Ghadar (San Francisco), INA (Southeast Asia). Key distinguishing facts: Anushilan Samiti = physical training + secret revolutionary work; Alipore Bomb Case. Abhinav Bharat = Savarkar; arms collection. HRA + HSRA = Kakori (1925) + Assembly Bomb (1929) + Bhagat Singh hanged (1931). Ghadar = overseas Indians; San Francisco; 1913; WW1 revolt attempt 1915. INA = POWs; Southeast Asia; Bose; women’s regiment. |
Section 10: 30 High-Frequency MCQs with Answers
Based on previous SSC CGL, CHSL, MTS, and GD Constable papers. Target: 27+ correct.
| # | Question | Answer |
| 01 | First political association in modern India? | Landholders’ Society (1838, Calcutta) – Dwarkanath Tagore |
| 02 | East India Association was founded by whom and where? | Dadabhai Naoroji – London (1866) – to lobby British Parliament |
| 03 | Poona Sarvajanik Sabha was founded by? | M.G. Ranade (1870, Pune) |
| 04 | Indian Association (1876) was founded by? | Surendranath Banerjea + Ananda Mohan Bose – Calcutta |
| 05 | Muslim League was founded in which year and city? | 1906, Dhaka – Nawab Salimullah + Aga Khan |
| 06 | Servants of India Society was founded by? | G.K. Gokhale (1905, Pune) |
| 07 | RSS was founded by whom, where, and when? | K.B. Hedgewar – Nagpur – Vijayadashami 1925 |
| 08 | Communist Party of India was first founded in? | Tashkent, 1920 – M.N. Roy; Indian founding Kanpur 1925 |
| 09 | Swarajist Party was formed by? | C.R. Das + Motilal Nehru (1922–23) – entered legislatures |
| 10 | AITUC (All India Trade Union Congress) first President? | Lala Lajpat Rai (1920, Bombay) |
| 11 | Forward Bloc was founded by? | Subhas Chandra Bose (1939, Calcutta) |
| 12 | Ghadar Party was founded in which year and city? | 1913, San Francisco, USA – Lala Hardayal + Sohan Singh Bhakna |
| 13 | Anushilan Samiti (1902) was associated with which movement? | Revolutionary terrorism in Bengal – Alipore Bomb Case |
| 14 | Abhinav Bharat was founded by? | V.D. Savarkar (1904, Pune) |
| 15 | HRA (Hindustan Republican Association) was founded by? | Sachindra Nath Sanyal (1924, Allahabad) |
| 16 | Kakori Train Robbery was on? | August 9, 1925 – Ram Prasad Bismil + Ashfaqullah Khan + HRA |
| 17 | HSRA added ‘Socialist’ to HRA – who led it? | Bhagat Singh + Chandrashekhar Azad + Sukhdev (1928) |
| 18 | Bhagat Singh threw bombs in Central Assembly on? | April 8, 1929 – with Batukeshwar Dutt |
| 19 | Bhagat Singh + Sukhdev + Rajguru were hanged on? | March 23, 1931 – Lahore Central Jail |
| 20 | Chittagong Armoury Raid was led by? | Surya Sen (Masterda) – April 18, 1930 |
| 21 | Surya Sen was hanged in? | January 12, 1934 |
| 22 | INA (Azad Hind Fauj) was reorganized by? | Subhas Chandra Bose (1943, Singapore) |
| 23 | Women’s regiment of INA was called? | Rani of Jhansi Regiment – Captain Lakshmi Sahgal |
| 24 | Azad Hind Government was declared on? | October 21, 1943 – Singapore – Subhas Chandra Bose |
| 25 | Bose’s famous quotes? | ‘Give me blood I will give you freedom’; ‘Jai Hind’; ‘Delhi Chalo’ |
| 26 | Mahad Satyagraha (1927) was led by? | B.R. Ambedkar – Dalits’ right to use public water tank |
| 27 | Poona Pact (1932) was between? | Gandhi and B.R. Ambedkar – reserved seats instead of separate electorates |
| 28 | Naujawan Bharat Sabha was founded by? | Bhagat Singh (1926, Lahore) |
| 29 | Khudiram Bose was hanged at age? | 18 years – for Muzaffarpur bomb case (1908) – youngest revolutionary hanged |
| 30 | INA Trials were held at? | Red Fort, Delhi (1945–46) – Shah Nawaz Khan, P.K. Sehgal, G.S. Dhillon accused |
Read also: SSC Modern History Indian National Congress PPT (LEC #29)
Section 11: Rapid Revision – Last-Day Cheat Sheet
Pre-INC Associations – Must Know Pairs
- FIRST political association = Landholders’ Society (1838) = Dwarkanath Tagore = Calcutta
- East India Association = Dadabhai Naoroji = 1866 = London
- Poona Sarvajanik Sabha = M.G. Ranade = 1870 = Pune
- Indian Association = Surendranath Banerjea = 1876 = Calcutta
Political Organizations – Year + Founder
- Muslim League = 1906 = Dhaka = Nawab Salimullah + Aga Khan
- RSS = 1925 = Nagpur = K.B. Hedgewar (Vijayadashami)
- CPI = 1920 (Tashkent, M.N. Roy) / 1925 (Kanpur formal)
- AITUC = 1920 = Lala Lajpat Rai (first President)
- Forward Bloc = 1939 = Subhas Chandra Bose
Revolutionary Organizations – Year + Location + Key Event
- Anushilan Samiti = 1902 = Bengal = Alipore Bomb Case
- Abhinav Bharat = 1904 = Pune = V.D. Savarkar
- Ghadar Party = 1913 = San Francisco = Lala Hardayal + Sohan Singh Bhakna
- HRA = 1924 = Allahabad = Kakori (1925) = Ram Prasad Bismil
- HSRA = 1928 = Bhagat Singh = Assembly Bomb (1929) = Hanged 1931
- Chittagong = 1930 = Surya Sen (Masterda) = Hanged 1934
- INA = 1942/43 = Subhas Chandra Bose = Southeast Asia
Bose Quick Facts
- INC President: 1938 (Haripura) + 1939 (Tripuri) – resigned after Tripuri
- Escaped India 1941 → Berlin → Submarine to Japan 1943 → Singapore
- INA = Gandhi + Nehru + Azad brigades + Rani of Jhansi Regiment
- Azad Hind Govt = October 21, 1943 = Singapore
- Quotes: ‘Give me blood I give you freedom’; ‘Jai Hind’; ‘Delhi Chalo’
Conclusion
Political and Other Associations (LEC #30) is the most comprehensive chapter in the series – covering 150 years of organized political activity from the Landholders’ Society (1838) to the INA Trials (1946). The 169-slide PPT gives a complete visual picture; this guide organizes every organization and event into nine focused tables. Master the Pre-INC Associations table, Political Organizations table, Revolutionary Organizations table, the Bose profile, and the 30 MCQs – and this chapter, combined with LEC #29 (INC), will give you complete command of SSC Modern Indian History.